The invention discloses a towing cable collection synchronous control system and a control plate for geophysical exploration to synchronously control a towing cable. The synchronous control plate comprises a trigger module, a collection command control module, a control command processing module and a command distribution module, wherein the trigger module is used for receiving a collection command transmitted by a main control system; the collection command control module is used for receiving and analyzing the collection command retransmitted by the trigger module to obtain an inner control synchronous collection command; the control command processing module is used for receiving and analyzing a control command which aims at an underwater towing cable and is transmitted by the main control system to obtain an analyzing result; the command distribution module is used for distributing the inner control synchronous collection command and the analyzing result to a plurality of cable interface units. In the technical scheme of the invention, the invention can satisfy the important technical targets of synchronous collection between towing cables of a distributed earthquake collection system, synchronicity of demodulator probes on the towing cables, and the like.