The invention belongs to a bridge project, and in particular relates to a reaction frame prestress anchoring system and a reaction frame prestress anchoring method for a vertical rotating steel pipe arch on a concrete bridge, which solve the problems that a rear anchor of a reaction frame has adverse effect on a bridge body, the rear anchor design is not flexible, a pedestal of a reaction frame influences the bridge floor and the like in the vertical rotating construction of the conventional camber combined bridge steel pipe arch. The anchoring system comprises a steel strand of which one end is connected with the reaction frame and the other end is connected with a steel box inside a side span solid section through the end part of the side span solid section of the concrete bridge, and also comprises a levelling steel plate fixed on the end part of the side span solid section, wherein concrete steel pipes are fixed on the levelling steel plate. The system and the method have the following advantages: the system and the method have no damage to the bridge floor of the bridge structure; a stress system is simple and explicit; the line shape of the bridge body is not influenced; the construction process is conveniently controlled; and the construction cost and early construction design are saved so as to ensure safety and quick construction.