The invention discloses a method for detecting a pipeline in a large-caliber jacking pipe construction process. The pipeline is subjected to sectional jacking pipe construction, and sections of the pipeline are welded and fixed together; and the outer wall of the pipeline is provided with a sacrificial anode protection device (3), and the outer part of the whole pipeline is provided with a protective coat. The pipeline detection method comprises the following steps that: a buckled barrel is provided with a pressure gauge and a hammering hole by adopting a barrel buckling mode under the condition of electric conduction; the buckled barrel covers the tail part of an anode; and the pressure value in the buckled barrel is 10 to 20 kilograms, the pressure is kept for 3 to 10 minutes, and whether the pressure is changed or the leakage exists on the contact part of the tail part of the sacrificial anode and the outside of a steel tube is detected. Aiming at the requirement of detecting a novel large-caliber pipeline of which the outer wall is provided with the sacrificial anode protection device for corrosion control after being arranged, a special detection device with simplicity, simple and convenient operation and intuitive and effective effect is designed; and the method has predictable great economic value and social value in engineering application.