The invention relates to a system for treating recycling of coking wastewater, which comprises a membrane biological reaction tank, a membrane bioreactor, a membrane bioreactor effluent pump, a multi-medium filter, an activated carbon filter, a cartridge filter, a reverse osmosis high-pressure pump, a reverse osmosis device, a reverse osmosis water production pool, a reverse osmosis water production delivery pump, a filter backwash water pool, a filter backwash pump, a reverse osmosis cleaning water pool, a reverse osmosis scavenging pump, a reverse osmosis concentrated water pool, a reverse osmosis concentrated water delivery pump and a pipeline mixer. The inside of the membrane biological reaction tank is provided with the membrane bioreactor; the membrane bioreactor is connected with the multi-medium filter; an outlet of the multi-medium filter is connected with the activated carbon filter; the activated carbon filter is connected with the cartridge filter; and an inlet of the cartridge filter is connected with the reverse osmosis device. The treatment system has the advantages of steady treatment effect, low production running cost, and simple and convenient operation, can treat the effluent of a biochemical sedimentation tank, avoid a physicochemical treatment stage after conventional biochemical treatment, avoid using a medicament in a large quantity, reduce the treatment capacity of sludge of a system, and reduce the operation cost for wastewater treatment.