The invention relates to test system and method of the frictional performance between an electric locomotive pantograph carbon plate and a copper conductor, which are used for researching the performance between the electric locomotive pantograph carbon plate and the copper conductor under the actions of friction and high current coupling. The test system comprises a current riser, a pantograph carbon plate, a copper disc, a rope-pulling type friction loading and measuring device, a frequency-variable speed-regulation rotating device and a control and data processing system, wherein the pantograph carbon plate is arranged on the rope-pulling type friction loading and measuring device, and the copper disc is arranged on the frequency-variable speed-regulation rotating device; the pantograph carbon plate and the copper disc are mutually compressed under the action of a pulling rope, and high current generated from the current riser flows through the pantograph carbon plate and the copper disc which frictionally slide to each other. Various copper disc structures are designed so as to simulate the phenomena of the friction, the high current and the impact coupling between the actual pantograph and the contact network copper wire. The experimental system can be used for researching the frictional wear action and the physical chemistry reaction between carbon and copper under the actions of the friction, the high current and the periodic impact coupling.