The invention relates to a device and a method for producing acetylene by hydrogen direct current arc plasma cracking coal. The method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen coal dust is fed into a plasma reactor, enters a quenching machine for quenching after the reaction, then enters a cyclone separator for preseparation between gas and solid; the gas part enters a rinsing dust removing tower for dedusting, is sent to a compressor for compression by a booster fan, then enters a pressure swing adsorption tower for adsorption and concentration, and simultaneously, the gas out of the pressure swing adsorption tower enters the compressor again and is sent to an adsorption tower for extracting hydrogen; the solid dust separated by the cyclone separator and the rinsing dust removing tower forms solution with water; a ceramic membrane device is utilized to carry out liquid and solid separation; the solid dust is sent to a power plant to be served as raw materials; and water enters therinsing tower for recycling. The invention has reasonable process design and high economic efficiency, can be used in combination or separately, and can be directly used in the processes for producing hydrogen chloride, acetylene ethane derivative, methanol and the derivatives and the like.