The invention discloses a method applied to traffic identification and control of a P2P network based on mathematical modeling technology, in particular a method for identifying the network traffic and performing control based on a user behavior by performing mathematical modeling on the traffic. The method comprises the following steps: serially connecting a gateway or a bridge device with the network to analyze the network traffic; analyzing active session condition of each IP address; comprehensively analyzing the distribution condition of the IP address at the opposite end in active connection with IP, the TCP/UDP port distribution condition of the active session, the session state information, and the like for mathematical modeling; and judging the P2P downloading behavior of a user through the model matching. The network traffic of an application layer is identified based on the mathematical model matching which is independent of traditional protocol resolution and keyword matching-based methods; and the efficiency of the traffic identification and the processing capacity of a traffic control device are greatly improved.