The invention discloses a high-speed railway hoisting and laying method and special gantry crane running rubber cushion blocks, belonging to the technical field of laying of high-speed railways. The invention has the main technical characteristics that when a track cushion plate is laid, a plurality of rubber cushion bodies of which the cross-sectional shapes are matched with the cross-sectional shapes of water discharge grooves are firstly arranged in the water discharge grooves at two sides of the roadbed of a high-speed railway, and then, a gantry crane runs on the track cushion plate longitudinally hoisted on a bridge deck; and after the hoisting process is finished, the cushion bodies at the section are taken down one by one for reuse. The high-speed railway hoisting and laying method and the special gantry crane running rubber cushion blocks, which are provided by the invention, have the advantages of convenient installation and disassembly in the whole hoisting process, time saving, labor saving, good cleaning effect and great improvement of working efficiency. When the gantry crane runs on the track cushion plate longitudinally hoisted on a bridge deck, the contact surface between the roadbed and each wheel of the gantry crane is smooth, thus the wheels can not incline sideward. Moreover, the cushion bodies can not longitudinally move easily in the water discharge grooves, the loads are uniformly transferred, and the cushion bodies can be connected one by one.