The invention relates to a biological filter-ceramic membrane biological reactor device, which comprises a water feeding pump, an anaerobic biological filter reactor and a ceramic membrane aerobic membrane biological reactor, the water feeding pump is connected with the water inlet of the anaerobic biological filter reactor by a pipeline, while the water outlet of the anaerobic biological filter reactor is connected with the water inlet of the ceramic membrane aerobic membrane biological reactor; the invention further discloses a water purifying application method thereof: contaminated surface water enters in the anaerobic filter reactor, biochemical reaction is carried out under anaerobic conditions; then the treatment liquid in the anaerobic biological filter reactor flows automatically into the biological unit of the ceramic membrane aerobic membrane biological reactor for carrying out aerobic biochemical reaction; then, the treatment liquid flows into the membrane unit in the ceramic membrane aerobic membrane biological reactor in an overflowing way, water flow enters a clean water pool after membrane separation function of the ceramic membrane component is carried out under the action of a vacuum suction pump; part of the treating liquid flows back into the anaerobic biological filter reactor from the ceramic membrane aerobic membrane biological reactor for carrying out denitrification reaction, and the reflux ratio is 0.5-2:1.