The invention relates to a pipeline outer wall anti-corrosion cathode protection device and a construction installation method of a filling material thereof; the method is characterized in that: after joint coating is welded and coated among all pipeline joints, the installation method of the anode loss protection device for pipeline outer wall corrosion control is as follows: firstly, pasty sacrificial anode filling material is injected in a mounting hole; and then the anode loss protection device (3) is arranged from inside of the pipeline to outside of the pipeline; then a stopper (6) is used fix a support steel rod on the pipeline (1). The invention can ensure the endurance of the pipeline pushing construction, greatly saves the installation workload and installation cost, can achieve long-acting protection through one-time construction, meets durability requirements of large-scale engineering construction and have great predictable economic and social values in the engineering application.