The invention relates to a two-way brush cleaning device of equipment for extracting and separating oil from water and water surfaces. The rear parts of two fixed supporting plates of the brush cleaning device are provided with bolt holes fixedly connected with a hard brush framework; the inner sides on the front parts of the fixed supporting plates are respectively provided with a rotating and connecting plate capable of rotating around a central supporting pin shaft; both sides of a lower brush cleaning device are fixedly welded with the rotating and connecting plates, and the lower end of an upper brush cleaning device is connected and fixed with the upper end of the lower brush cleaning device through a bolt; positioning holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper brush cleaning device at intervals, strip holes corresponding to the positioning holes of the upper brush cleaning device are arranged on the lower brush cleaning device, and the upper brush cleaning device is fixed onthe lower brush cleaning device to combine the two brush cleaning devices into a whole through a fastening bolt; the front parts of the fixed supporting plates are arranged above the rotating and connecting plates and provided with limit pins; and the inner sides of the front of the fixed supporting plates are arranged below the rotating and connecting plates and provided with limit supporting rods. The device has simple structure and reasonable design and can realize two-way operations; and the application effect of the device is obvious, and the service life of the device is effectively prolonged.