The invention discloses a numerical control machining process design system and a method of aircraft complex components facing a process object. The system consists of six modules, namely a process model definition module, a process model analysis module, a process design module, a process file automatic filling module, a standard part library module facing a process model and a process resource library module facing the process model. The method is realized by five processes, namely process model definition, process model analysis, process design facing the process model, process format definition and automatic filling of a process file by calling a process format. The system can define the process model in a way of facing the process object, and on the basis, process aided design and fast filling and generation of the process file can be carried out, and effective separation of process design data and the process file can be realized, thus liberating a process designer from process file compiling to ensure the process designer to concentrate on process method design.