The invention provides a box type steel-bamboo or steel-wood composite floor slab and a making method thereof, belonging to the field of building structures. A plurality of section steels are placed between two bamboo or wood-based slabs, the interfaces of the section steels and the bamboo or wood-based slabs are bonded by adhesives, and the four edges of the slabs are banded by the bamboo or wood laths and are fixed by screws. The bamboo or wood laths can be stuck to the sides of the section steels according to the requirements, and such solid pieces as screws can be knocked in the interfaces of the bamboo or wood-based slabs and the section steels and the contact surfaces of the bamboo or wood laths to improve the joint strength of the interfaces. The slab has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high rigidity, excellent earthquake resistance, larger span, quick construction and high degree of industrialization. The slab can also be used as the building wall. The slabcan be widely applied to various light buildings, movable dwellings, buildings with stories added and the like, effectively reduce the danger of the building structure under the action of earthquake and improve the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction level of the building structure.