The embodiment of the invention discloses a data storage method and a data storage device, which are applied to the technical field of data storage. The data storage method comprises the following steps: acquiring semantic information contained in a file to be stored by analyzing the file to be stored, wherein the semantic information is used for indicating the attribute information of the file to be stored; decomposing the file to be stored into at least two semantic data blocks according to the semantic information and acquiring content identifiers of the semantic data blocks, wherein the content identifiers are used for indicating the content information of the semantic data blocks; storing the at least two semantic data blocks and a first mapping relationship between the information of the file to be stored and the content identifiers, wherein the information of the file to be stored is used for identifying the positions of the semantic data blocks; and storing the semantic data blocks and a second mapping relationship between the content identifiers and the storage positions of the semantic data blocks. Therefore, the file searching efficiency is improved, and the data management and retrieval are convenient.