Aiming at the problems of video multi-target data association and tracking with a large monitoring range and few target appearance features, the invention provides a video multi-target fast tracking method based on a complex condition of improved joint probability data association (JPDA) by utilizing target movement features, that is, the video multi-target fast tracking method is based on the joint probability data association. The invention comprises the steps of calculating the optimal k joint events of JPDA by adopting simplified Murthy algorithm to greatly reduce the computational complexity; discussing movement conditions of targets according to association probability of JPDA, analyzing the current frame measurement and the data association problem of tracking targets in the event of complicated cases such as new appearance, shielding, disappearance, separation and the like of multi targets, and acquires the multi-target tracking trajectory of the complex movements. The method provided by the invention can achieve the video multi-target fast tracking under large monitoring range and greatly improve the tracking performance.