The invention discloses an instrument device for quickly detecting the viable count of bacillus calmette guerin vaccines, which relates to a biomedicine detection technique. An ultrasonic pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing the bacillus calmette guerin vaccines and a heating pyrolysis device are arranged in the instrument device so that the bacillus calmette guerin vaccines can be pyrolyzed effectively; and the instrument device is combined with an ATP bioluminescence technique and a high-accuracy weak light detection technique to realize quick detection of the viable count of the bacillus calmette guerin vaccines. A method for detecting the viable count of the bacillus calmette guerin vaccines comprises the following steps of: dissolving bacillus calmette guerin vaccine lyophiled powder, and then putting the dissolved bacillus calmette guerin vaccine lyophiled powder into an instrument reaction tank; performing ultrasonic pyrolysis or heating pyrolysis on the dissolved bacillus calmette guerin vaccine lyophiled powder to release intracellular ATP; adding an ATP luminous reaction reagent into the intracellular ATP; using a photoelectric multiplier to detect weak fluorescence; and calculating the viable count of the bacillus calmette guerin vaccines according to the detected luminous intensity, wherein the time for the entire detection is not more than 15 minutes. Compared with the conventional culture counting method, the method has the advantages of greatly shortening the detection time.