A spinning machine drafting component capable of improving yarn quality is used for solving the problem of easy slipping or easy wear of the drafting components. The technical scheme is as follows: the drafting component comprises a top pin, a middle top roller, a top apron surrounding the top pin and the middle top roller, a middle bottom roller, a bottom pin, a tension frame and a bottom apron surrounding the middle bottom roller, the bottom pin and the tension frame; the middle parts of the internal surfaces of the improved top apron and bottom apron are flat and smooth surfaces and the two sides of the improved top apron and bottom apron are pattern surfaces which are symmetrically arranged. The drafting component is designed to utilize flat and smooth surface contact in the fiber strand movement area, thus being conductive to reducing serious friction of the front jaw of the top pin, and to utilize patterns at the two sides, thus solving the problem of easy slipping due to small friction of flat and smooth surface contact between the aprons and the rollers. The drafting component is stable in transmission, greatly reduces slipping, has remarkably increased friction on the same contact area, improves the stability of operation in the main drafting area, is conductive to giving full play to the advantages of fiber control by the aprons and elastic floating jaws, further ensures the uniformity of the yarns and improves the yarn quality.