The invention discloses an access authentication method of a distribution network automated communication device based on an ID, belonging to the field of distribution network automated communication systems. The method comprises the following steps that: a distribution automated control center, a regional workstation, a distribution terminal unit and a distribution automated communication network in a centralized control mode are established; and a key management server of the distribution automated control center conducts the key allocation, and the regional workstation and the distribution terminal unit compare whether deciphered data are the same to realize the access authentication, thereby realizing the function that any device can be installed in the distribution network automated communication system only by acquiring the key issued by the key management server. The invention is applicable to the large-scale distribution network, simplifies the key management, utilizes the communication and calculation processing capacities of the regional workstation, and solves the problems of the limited calculation and communication capabilities of the distribution terminal unit. Besides, the invention realizes the mutual authentication of the devices, thereby increasing the safety, improving the access safety of the distribution network device and improving the access safety of distribution network device.