The invention provides an axial pressurizing chromatographic column device for a high performance liquid preparation chromatography, relates to the technical field of chromatography liquid-phase preparation. The invention comprises a main frame, an axial pressurizing chromatographic column body, a loading oil cylinder and a pressurizing hydraulic station. The invention is characterized by also comprising a chromatographic column oscillating mechanism. The axial pressurizing chromatographic column body is connected to the main frame through the chromatographic column oscillating mechanism. A hydraulic energy accumulator is also arranged on a hydraulic loop between the loading oil cylinder and the pressurizing hydraulic station. The axial pressurizing chromatographic column body comprises a chromatographic column shell, an upper end cover and a piston body assembly, and the lower end of the chromatographic column is connected with the loading oil cylinder through a flange assembly. The invention greatly improves the yield and the purity of a product, prolongs the service life of the chromatographic column, and can automatically and repeatedly fill, thereby saving the production cost.