The invention discloses a method for producing sodium chloride and carbon powder and co-producing superfine light calcium carbonate and white carbon black. Unified alkali waste liquid and carbide slag are used as raw materials, and the method comprises the following steps of: reacting ammonium chloride in the unified alkali waste liquid and calcium hydroxide in the carbide slag to generate carbonfilter cake, calcium chloride and ammonium hydroxide, feeding the calcium chloride and the ammonium hydroxide into a carbonation tower and introducing carbon dioxide gas into the carbonation tower toperform carbonation reaction so as to generate calcium carbonate sediment and ammonium chloride solution, and reacting the ammonium chloride solution and water glass to obtain the white carbon black and the sodium chloride. The method for producing the sodium chloride and the carbon powder and co-producing the calcium carbonate and the white carbon black through industrial wastes comprising the unified alkali waste liquid and the carbide slag makes full use of effective ingredients in the industrial wastes, reduces the production cost of industrial products, has simple production process and extremely low production cost, and is a quite economic and effective method.