The invention discloses an electric field salt rejection protective system protected by a reinforced concrete structure in chloride environment, which is provided with an anode arranged on the surface layer of the concrete structure and an anode cable connected on the anode; the reinforcement in the concrete is used as a cathode and is provided with a cathode cable connected on the reinforcement and simultaneously provided with a direct-current power supply. The invention is characterized in that the output voltage of the direct-current power supply between the anode and the cathode is 0.5-1V; and the current density in the reinforcement is 0.3-0.7mA/m<2>. The new corrosion guard introduced by the invention provides a new electric field salt rejection system aiming at the essence that chloride in external environment invades concrete to cause reinforcement corrosion; aiming at the new reinforced concrete structure in chlorine environment, the adoption of the system can effectively prevent chloridions from penetrating into the environment, thus achieving the purpose of protecting durable non-corrosion on the internal reinforcement. The electric field salt rejection system has simple constitution, good salt rejection effect and long protective service life, and is convenient for implementation and maintenance management.