The invention discloses an elastic support and dry friction tuned mass damper for controlling cutting chatter, belongs to the field of the mechanical technology and relates to a damper structure for suppressing the chatter of the cutting work. A damper vibrator (3) and a cantilever elastic beam (2) are fixed on a controlled object and the positions of the damper vibrator (3) and the cantilever elastic beam (2) are adjustable; a base (1) is further provided with a cantilever-shaped double-layer elastic friction plate (5); one end of the double-layer elastic friction plate (5) is connected withthe base (1) through a flexible hinge structure (7), while the other end is in contact with the upper surface of the damper vibrator (3); an adjusting screw (6) capable of adjusting the distance of two layers of elastic sheets is arranged; and the contact pressure which is entirely applied to the damper vibrator by the double-layer elastic friction plate (5) can be adjusted through the adjusting screw (6). The damper suppresses the vibration by damping the vibration and the sliding friction through the damper vibrator and ensures the maximum frequency response function and the minimum negative real part of the controlled mechanical structure so as to improve the cutting depth of the maximum stability limit of a cutting system to the greatest extent and prevent the occurrence of the cutting chatter while improving the cutting efficiency to the greatest extent.