The invention relates to a method for reconstructing a residual stress field of a profile of a large-dimension fir-type blade wheel groove, comprising the following steps of: selecting a plurality of discrete points on the outline profile of a fir-type milling cutter as detection points to obtain the equivalent cutting speed, the equivalent cutting thickness and the equivalent feed speed of a standard cutting experiment carried out by using a standard integral cylindrical end milling cutter; obtaining the residual stress simulated by a finite element of each detection point by adopting an infinitesimal modeling method; carrying out the standard cutting experiment, measuring the residual stress by adopting an X-ray diffraction method and a corrosion method, and correcting an equivalent two-dimensional orthogonal cutting finite element model; simulating other discrete points by utilizing the corrected simulation model to obtain the residual stress of each discrete point, and thereby fitting to obtain the residual stress field distribution of the integral blade wheel groove profile. The method reduces subsequent rolling treatment times by aiming at the complex profile processing of the wheel groove, and thereby, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the consumption cost of a rolling tool is reduced.