The invention discloses a dual-rate optical signal receiving device, which comprises a dual-rate optical receiving component, a dual-rate limiting amplifier circuit unit, and a data shunt unit. The dual-rate optical receiving component also comprises an optical detector and a dual-rate transimpedance amplifier; the dual-rate limiting amplifier circuit unit also comprises a dual-rate limiting amplifier; and the data shunt unit also comprises a 1:2 data fan-out device and a low-pass filter circuit. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, through two optical signal receiving circuits formedby time division multiplexing on data at different rates, the received data is divided into two data channels at different rates through a data shunt device. Therefore, an easily realized physical layer solution is provided for the dual-rate time division multiplexed data.