The invention relates to a water transportation system capable of replacing power battery pack in dynamic or static state, comprising a matrix boat, a power battery pack sub boat body and a battery charging and replacing station; wherein the matrix boat is provided with a concave part, the power battery pack sub boat body can be inosculated with the concave part of the matrix boat, and the battery charging and replacing station is arranged at the shoreside or in the water. The invention has simple and reasonable design, strong cruising power, economy and practicability and no noise or pollution and is energy saving and environmentally friendly; the invention is especially applicable to river network traffic in city which a river flows through, water area of city and nearby is fully utilized; the battery charging and replacing station can be arranged on a wharf, water occupying area is less, operation cost is low, and operation is safe and reliable.