The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the conductivity of graphite. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) arranging a pair of electrodes on a test sample platform, the lower part of which is provided with a micrometric displacement driving device, placing the graphite to be tested between the two electrodes, and connecting the two electrodes to the positive end and the negative end of a direct current (DC) power supply; 2) connecting the first test end of a voltmeter with the electrode which is connected with the positive end of the DC power supply, and at thesame time, placing the second test end on the surface of the graphite to be tested; 3) driving the test sample platform by using the micrometric displacement driving device so as to drive the graphite to be tested to perform equidistant micromotion, and measuring and recording the potential values in the graphite to be tested point by point by using the voltmeter; 4) taking data points, which aredistributed linearly along the direction to be tested, of the measured potential values in the graphite to be tested, and obtaining the linearly distributed slope k between the potential and the distance by a least square method; and 5) substituting the slope k between the potential and the distance and calculating the conductivity of the graphite to be tested in the direction to be tested. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, capacity of measuring the conductivity of the graphite in any direction and suitability for measuring the conductivity of all kinds of anisotropic materials.