The invention relates to a one-phase ground protection measurement and control system of a high-voltage breaker, belonging to the technical field of high-voltage switch protection. The one-phase ground protection measurement and control system comprises a breaker body and a control casing, a breaker is integrated with a primary current transformer and a primary voltage transformer, primary current and voltage signals on lines are transformed to secondary current and voltage signals which can be measured by a microcontroller by a three-phase current transformer and a three-phase capacitor voltage transformer so as to realize detection of three-phase current and three-phase voltage, and the installation is simple and convenient.