The invention relates to a noncontact-type test method of an early-period thermal expansion coefficient of a concrete dam and equipment thereof. The test method comprises the following steps of: (1) loading a piece to be tested in a culture test barrel; (2) arranging a metal test terminal at the top of the piece to be tested and immediately putting the tested piece in a constant-temperature waterbath to culture; (3) stabilizing for a period of time, slightly increasing the temperature, confirming a test end point when the internal temperature of the piece to be tested is constant with the water temperature, then decreasing the temperature to a start temperature and circulating; (4) testing the displacement values of the bottom and the top of the piece to be tested with a noncontact-type laser displacement sensor; and (5) calculating the early-period thermal expansion coefficient of the piece to be tested according to tested displacement change data. The equipment comprises the culture test barrel containing the piece to be tested, a constant-temperature water bath case is arranged outside the barrel, the culture test barrel is internally provided with the metal test terminal which is pre-buried at the top end of the piece to be tested, and the noncontact-type laser displacement sensor is arranged on the culture test barrel. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a noncontact-type in-situ displacement test to acquire the early-period thermal expansion coefficient of the concrete dam.