The invention discloses a method for realizing fast wavelet transform by using a GPU, which comprises the following steps of: (1) copying data from a host memory of a computer to a memory area A of GPU equipment; (2) performing line translation on the data in the memory area A by using a horizontal filter, and storing the translation result in the memory area A; (3) performing line transposition on the data in the memory area A by using a line transposing device, and storing the data after the transposition in a memory area B of the GPU equipment; (4) performing line translation on the data in the memory area B again by using the horizontal filter, and storing the translation result in the memory area B; (5) performing line transposition on the data in the memory area B again by using the line transposing device, and storing the data after the transposition in the memory area A; and (6) copying the data in the memory area A of the GPU equipment to the host memory of the computer. The method employs parallel data processing, has a simple implementation process, and improves the processing speed of the wavelet transform.