The invention discloses artificial graphite microspheres for preparing a cathode of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The particle size of the artificial graphite microspheres is 10 to 20mu m, and the interlamellar spacing d002 of graphite is 0.3360 to 0.3380nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing solution from an amphiphilic carbon material and adjusting the pH of the solution to be 12 by using ethylenediamine; adding the solution of the amphiphilic carbon material into simethicone of which the temperature is between 80 and 90 DEG C and stirring and evaporating the mixture to dryness to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; separating the solid-liquid mixture, washing, drying and graphitizing a filter cake to obtain the artificial graphite microspheres. The method has the advantages of simple process, environmental protection, low production cost and easy industrial mass production; and the prepared artificial graphite microspheres have the advantages of uniform particle size, high sphericity and graphitizing grade, and high reversible capacity and cycle performance when used as a cathode material of the lithium ion battery.