The invention relates to a synchronous grouting simulation test platform of a shield tunneling machine, comprising a soil tank, a simulation tube piece, a simulation shield tail, a propelling hydraulic cylinder, a guiding barrel, a transparent outer barrel, a soil pressure sensor, a camera and a grouting pump, wherein the axis of the guiding barrel is horizontally and fixedly connected to the left side wall of the soil tank, one end of the transparent outer barrel is coaxially and fixedly connected with the guiding barrel, the other end is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the soil tank, the transparent simulation tube piece is coaxially sleeved in the transparent outer barrel and is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the soil tank, the camera is arranged in an inner cavity of the simulation tube piece, the soil pressure sensor is arranged on the barrel wall of the simulation tube piece, the simulation shield tail is coaxially sleeved in the periphery of the simulation tube piece and can axially slide along the inner barrel wall of the guiding barrel and the outer barrel wall of the simulation tube piece, a grouting hole is arranged in the barrel wall of thesimulation shield tail and is communicated with the grouting pump, and the propelling hydraulic cylinder can drive the simulation shield tail to do reciprocating motion. The invention can dynamicallysimulate and directly observe the whole process of synchronous grouting of the shield tunneling machine under different working conditions, thereby providing conditions for the test and the theoretical study of a synchronous grouting technique of the tunneling machine.