The invention discloses a lithium battery priming device comprising a vacuum enclosure and a base, wherein the vacuum enclosure and the base are tightly arranged by a seal lock, the vacuum enclosure is provided with a vacuum tube and a normal-pressure connection tube, the vacuum tube is connected with a vacuum meter, a first solenoid valve is arranged between the vacuum meter and the vacuum tube,a second solenoid valve is arranged on the normal-pressure connection tube, and the vacuum enclosure is also provided with a high-pressure tube which is successively provided with a pressure gage anda third solenoid valve. The invention also discloses the lithium battery priming technology which comprises: putting the lithium battery filled with electrolyte into the vacuum enclosure; vacuumizingto -0.06 MPa, keeping for 10 seconds, and restoring to normal atmosphere; filling nitrogen of 0.4 MPa into the vacuum enclosure, keeping for one minute, and restoring to normal atmosphere; vacuumizing to -0.02 MPa; and taking out the lithium battery after restoring to normal pressure. The invention has the advantages that nitrogen with high pressure and high purity is added to quicken the batteryto adsorb the electrolyte, and the whole priming time only costs few minutes, which greatly improves efficiency.