The invention discloses an intelligent distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system, which comprises the following subsystems: a power supply subsystem, a light source subsystem, an optical subsystem, a receiving subsystem, an input/output subsystem, a channel switching subsystem, a system information collecting and distributing subsystem, a data acquisition subsystem and a data processing and controlling subsystem. Each subsystem of the system transmits respective work condition to the data processing and controlling subsystem; the data processing and controlling subsystem comprehensively analyzes multiple kinds of data, and sends instructions of query, parameter adjustment or control to corresponding subsystems; and all the subsystems form an organic unified whole to realize the intelligent distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system.