The invention relates to an air duct intelligent identifying, detecting and sampling robot which comprises a body, wherein the front end of the body is provided with a front infra-red sensor, a front camera and a front illuminating lamp, the left end and the right end of the body are respectively provided with a left infra-red sensor and a right infra-red sensor, the back end of the body is provided with a back camera, a back illuminating lamp and an aviation connector, the top end of the body is provided with a sampler, a marker and a main camera, main camera illuminating lamps are installedaround the main camera, and the marker is provided with a main infra-red sensor. The robot has the functions of stamping, digital marking, ink jet marking, laser marking, electrostatic dust collection, coating dust collection, large-aperture substance dust collection, traveled distance measurement by gear rotation, traveled distance measurement by infrared sensing, traveled distance measurement by control cable scales, lighting, traveling, infrared sensing, omnidirectional shooting, digital storage and the like, and has the advantages of intelligent control, good working effect, stable equipment performance, convenient operation, high efficiency, precise structure, light weight and convenient storage and transportation.