The invention discloses a system and a method for protecting information safety of mobile electronic equipment. The system comprises a management center, an encryption and authentication unit and an authentication tool, wherein the encryption and authentication unit is arranged in the mobile electronic equipment; the authentication tool is connected with the mobile electronic equipment when used;the authentication tool comprises identity information and permission information of a user; the management center is used for setting the permission of the authentication tool of each user and writing the permission into the corresponding authentication tool; the encryption and authentication unit comprises a file encryption module, a file decryption module and an internal authentication module;and the internal authentication module sends a request to the management center or the authentication tool, acquires commands, and allows the user having the permission to use an encrypted file. The system and the method for protecting the information safety of the mobile electronic equipment can be convenient for employees to normally do extra work under an intranet environment or without the intranet and to normally use notebook computers to deal with private affairs or enjoy entertainment functions under certain conditions.