The invention provides a plant species inquiring system and method based on image analysis technology. The system comprises at least a mobile terminal and matching inquiring equipment, wherein the mobile terminal is used for acquiring and sending the image of the plant to be inquired and receiving the species information of the plant to be inquired; and the matching inquiring equipment is used for matching the similarity of the first eigenvector of the image of the plant to be inquired and the second eigenvector index stored by the matching inquiring equipment; or the matching inquiring equipment is used for inputting the extracted first eigenvector into a classifier to be classified to obtain the species name information of the first eigenvector and then is used for extracting the species information of the plant to be inquired and feeding the species information back to the mobile terminal. The invention facilitates inquiry of the plant species information, has high accuracy, not only can provide a convenient scientific research tool for lots of foresters but also can provide a convenient inquiry and study approach for lots of forestry amateurs.