The invention relates to an air-cooled water cooling unit comprising a refrigerating circuit, a natural cooling coil, a cooling fan and an air valve, wherein the refrigerating circuit is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor, an air-cooled condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator; the natural cooling coil is positioned at the outer side of the air-cooled condenser and arranged on a water cooling circuit of an air-conditioning system to be cooled; the cooling fan is used for cooling the air-cooled condenser and/or the natural cooling coil; and the air valve forms a cavity together with the air-cooled condenser and the natural cooling coil. When the air valve is turned on, air passes through the air valve to enter the air-cooled condenser, and when the air valve is turned off,the air passes through the natural cooling coil to enter the air-cooled condenser. The air-cooled water cooling unit is respectively in a compression type mechanical refrigerating state and a naturalcooling refrigerating state by controlling the on-off of the air valve. When the air-cooled water cooling unit is in the compression type mechanical refrigerating state, because the air directly enters the air-cooled condenser from the air valve, the air-cooled water cooling unit can ensure that the air quantity during compression type mechanical refrigeration is basically the same as the air quantity when the natural cooling coil is not arranged, and avoids the influence of the natural cooling coil for the air quantity of the fan to the greatest extent, thereby reducing the possibility of increasing the energy consumption of a compressor.