The invention discloses a high-precision speed measurement positioning method and a high-precision speed measurement positioning system for medium and low-speed maglev trains. The method comprises the following steps of: spreading metal tooth groove bars on a running track of the train, and arranging over two speed measurement positioning sensors on a train body; and cooperatively generating detection signals when the train runs and the speed measurement positioning sensors are close to the metal tooth groove bars, and judging the speed, relative position and direction of the vehicle body according to the detection signals. The system comprises the metal tooth groove bars fixed on the track, the over two speed measurement positioning sensors arranged on the train body and a signal processing unit; when the speed measurement positioning sensors are close to the metal tooth groove bars, periodic sinusoidal signals and periodic on-off signals are cooperatively generated and output to the signal processing unit; and the signal processing unit judges the speed and the position of the train body according to the received sinusoidal signals and the received on-off signals. The system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low cost, high measurement precision, convenient installation, strong anti-jamming capability and the like.