The invention discloses an air-sensitive material with high-sensitivity and quick-response, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The material is nanometer material which takes zinc stannate as a matrix and is doped with one or several elements among yttrium, cerium, aluminum, bismuth, strontium, cadmium, calcium, magnesium, barium and copper. The air-sensitive inorganic material of the invention has high sensitivity and shorter response recovery time to toxic and harmful gases, such as ethanol, formaldehyde, chloroform and the like. The lowest detection limit of the air-sensitive element prepared by the material of the invention can be below 1ppm. Compared with the prior art, the air-sensitive material of the invention has the beneficial effects of safety, toxicity, stable chemical property, easy long-term storage, stable air-sensitive performance and the like, has simple preparation technology, easy operation and cheap and abundant raw materials; the reaction process hardly generate industrial three wastes, so that the air-sensitive material of the invention has the characteristics of environment protection, low energy consumption, high benefit and the like and is suitable for industrial production.