The invention discloses a production process of a carbon calcined rotary kiln in the field of carbon production and in particular relates to a method and a device for cooling high-temperature calcined coke of a carbon rotary kiln. The method for the cooling high-temperature calcined coke of the carbon rotary kiln comprises the following steps of: guiding the high-temperature calcined coke into a cooling jacket after passing through a launder at the bottom of a rotary kiln head; and after continuously discharging downwards, guiding the high-temperature calcined coke into discharge equipment for discharging from the cooling jacket. The method and the device solve the problems of poor cooling effect, oxidation of high-temperature materials, waste of cooling water resource, severe operating environment condition, serious water pollution, high cost of a cooling water circulation and processing system and waste of heat carried by the high-temperature calcined coke in the process of calcining petroleum coke.