The invention discloses an extraction process for lixiviating vanadium from vanadium ores in alkali liquor by adopting a microwave method, which is also suitable for extracting the vanadium from a plurality of ore phases which are vanadium-containing ores. The extraction process comprises the following steps of: triturating the ores; removing carbon in the ores; adding oxidative alkali liquor according to a certain solid/liquid ratio; soaking and stirring for 1-8 hours; putting into a microwave reactor for microwave treatment; and clarifying and filtering the microwave-treated product to obtain a filtrate, wherein the filtrate can be directly used for treating next batch of ores as the product or the oxidative alkali liquor and also be used after being replenished with sodium hydroxide or oxidizing agents. The extraction process has the advantages of high extraction rate, less energy consumption and no air pollution.