The invention discloses an explicit congestion control method based on bandwidth estimation in a high-bandwidth delay network, which comprises the following steps of: calculating the current available bandwidth of a network by a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) sender through observing an ACK (Acknowledgement Character) receiving interval, loading a router by a packet header ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) 2bits information feedback network, carrying out network state judgment by the sender through explicit feedback information and estimated available bandwidth values, and adjusting a congestion mechanism according to a judgment result. The congestion is judged by combining end-to-end feedback and router explicit feedback, i.e. finer congestion information is given by using the bandwidth estimation values based on the explicit feedback of coarseness, thus an algorithm ensures high congestion feedback precision while reducing the explicit feedback overhead and improving the protocol popularization, and improves the efficiency and the convergence rate of the protocol.