The invention discloses a hollow core-shell nanometer mesoporous medicament carrying system with magnetism and luminescent performance. In the medicament carrying system, a magnetic Fe3O4 hollow capsule is used as an inner core, mesoporous SiO2 is used as a shell layer, and an organic luminescent material and a biocompatible polymer are modified on the outer surface of the shell layer. A preparation method of the medicament carrying system comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing monodisperse fusiform beta-FeOOH nanoparticles by a hydro-thermal method, coating mesoporous silicon dioxide on the surfaces of the nanoparticles, removing a pore-forming agent through thermal treatment, and simultaneously, converting the inner core into alpha-Fe2O3 from the beta-FeOOH, so that a cavity is generated in the inner core so as to form a hollow nanometer capsule structure; secondly, converting the inner core into the magnetic Fe3O4 hollow capsule through reduction treatment; and finally, modifying the organic luminescent material and the biocompatible polymer on the surface of the magnetic mesoporous nanometer capsule. The nanometer composite capsule of the invention has the advantages of core-shell structure and cavity structure, uniform particle size, high biocompatibility and excellent magnetism.