The invention discloses an optically active polyurethane material and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from a D or L-optically active diphenol monomer and a diisocyanate monomer by hydrogen transfer and addition polymerization, and the structural general formula of the material is as shown in the specification, wherein the polymerization degree n is 1 to 1,000. The optical rotation of the material is +56.6 to +130 degrees, the glass transition temperature is 250.3 to 280 DEG C, and the thermal decomposition temperature is 300 to 330 DEG C. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) introducing amide groups with different molecular structures into a polymer side chain by hydrogen transfer and addition polymerization, wherein the macromolecular chain structure and the optical activity of the polymer side chain can be effectively regulated; the formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond of the polymer is facilitated so as to obtain stable helical conformation and high thermal stability; and such a method can be applied to the optically active material with relatively high requirements on thermal stability; and 2) directly introducing asymmetric carbon atoms into the main chain of the polymer so that the polymer has relatively high specific rotation and optical activity.