The invention discloses automatic test method and device of a power grid video and environment monitoring system, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of: switching on the power grid video and environment monitoring system; automatically executing a test scheme stored in advance; and automatically generating a report form containing test results. The invention can have no need of artificial operation in a test process, and once the power grid video and environment monitoring system is switched on, the test scheme is automatically executed, therefore, the stability and the effectiveness of test can be improved.