The invention provides a coal gas waste heat recovery method of a high-temperature rotary furnace, belonging to the technical field of steel making of a rotary furnace, and relating to high-temperature waste heat recovery and utilization in steel making of the rotary furnace, in particular to a system design, an explosion-proof design and a primary dedusting design for realizing high-temperature coal gas waste heat recovery. The coal gas waste heat recovery method is characterized in that a high-temperature waste heat boiler, an intermediate-temperate waste heat boiler and a low-temperature waste heat boiler with film-type wall flued cooling structures are utilized to realize cooling for high-temperature coal gas with the temperature of more than 1400 DEG C, and reduce the temperature to be below 200 DEG C, a bending channel type water-seal dust collecting device with a movable baffle plate is utilized to separate coarse granular dusts. By utilizing a water spraying explosion-proof and explosion-suppresion system with combined control of a spring type explosion-type door, an ultraviolet flame alarm and a pressure switch, the suppression and elimination of the explosion are realized. The coal gas waste heat recovery method has the effects and benefits of being capable of realizing recovery of waste heat with the temperature from 800 DEG C to 200 DEG C, obtaining high-intermediate pressure steam, eliminating and suppressing explosion of coal gas, effectively reducing the hazard of the explosion and realizing primary dedusting on coal gas containing dusts.