The invention relates to RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) cell tracing and recovering system and method. The RFID cell tracing and recovering system comprises a radio-frequency identification label, a reader-writer, a computer and a cell resource management database, wherein the radio-frequency identification label is bonded on a cell; the reader-writer comprises a power interface, a radio frequency chip, a microprocessor, an RS232 (Recommended Standard 232) communication circuit and an antenna, wherein the power interface is used for supplying power to the radio frequency chip, the microprocessor and the RS232 communication circuit; the antenna is connected with the radio frequency chip, the microprocessor is mutually communicated with the radio frequency chip, the cell resource management database is used for tracing and recording cell states, the reader-writer is mutually communicated with the radio-frequency identification label, and the microprocessor is mutually communicated with the computer through the RS232 communication circuit. By combining an RFID technology, the system establishes one cell resource management database through the Internet uniformly collects and manages cell basic information, traces the information of high-performance cells in time and effectively recovers and recycles cells. The invention has low cost, is simple and convenient to use and is capable of increasing cell recovery rate, protecting the environment and realizing cell uniform management.