The invention discloses an electrorheological fluid of an attapulgite and titanium oxygen compound composite material. The electrorheological fluid comprises a continuous phase and a dispersed phase dispersed in the continuous phase, wherein the continuous phase is a liquid insulating medium; the dispersed phase is the attapulgite and titanium oxygen compound composite material; the diameter of the attapulgite is between 10 and 70 nm; the length is between 60 nm and 2 mu m; and the mass concentration of the dispersed phase in the electrorheological fluid is between 5 and 75 percent. Compared with the electrorheological fluid of titanium oxygen particles, the electrorheological fluid of the attapulgite and titanium oxygen compound composite material of the invention has the advantages of high yield stress, low leakage current density, high suspension stability and the like; the cost of raw materials is low; the process is simple; and the preparation period is short.