The invention relates to a pressure-reducing and speed-accelerating drill flow channel structure and a drill, which belong to the fields of petroleum and geological drilling engineering. The drill flow channel structure consists of a drill body, a main flow channel, a flow channel transition region, a water hole, a clamp spring groove, a seal groove and an erosion-resistant layer and is characterized in that: the main flow channel, the flow channel transition region and the water hole are positioned in the drill body; the flow channel transition region is communicated with the main flow channel and the water hole; the axis of the flow channel transition region is a space curve; the axis of the water hole is a space straight line; the clamp spring groove and the seal groove are positioned in the water hole; and the erosion-resistant layer is positioned on the surface of the flow channel transition region. The included angle between the outlet direction of the drill water hole and the drill axis is regulated from 0-60 degrees to 90-180 degrees; and the included angle between the outlet direction of the drill water hole and the radial direction is 0 to 90 degrees. Slurry is jetted upwards and slantways away from the direction of pit bottom, and under the action of the rotating speed of the drill and the tangential speed of the slurry, a low-pressure vortex region is formed at the pit bottom, so that the hold-down action of a slurry liquid column on rock debris is reduced, the drilling speed is improved and drilling cost is reduced.