The invention relates to a solar vacuum seawater desalination device comprising a base body, a seawater guiding unit, vacuum extraction equipment, a solar hot water circulation mechanism, cooling equipment, a fresh water collection unit and a saline matter recovery unit. The solar vacuum seawater desalination device has simple structure, mainly guides seawater by utilizing vacuum extraction and then distills the seawater by dint of the temperature of solar hot water so that water and saline matters which are contained in the seawater are separated, thereby achieving the effect of seawater desalination. The solar vacuum seawater desalination device is provided with the base body; a heating layer, an evaporating layer and a cooling layer are separated in the base body; the solar hot water is circularly arranged on the heating layer; heat temperature is transmitted to heat the seawater by utilizing a heat pipe penetrating through the heating layer to be positioned on the evaporating layer so that boiling vapors of the seawater contact with a supercooled pipe of the cooling layer to distill to form fresh water to be colleted and discharged in sections; and the bottom of the heating layer is provided with a salt discharge pipe for discharging the saline matters. The invention is used for carrying out the vacuum seawater desalination by applying natural solar resources, thereby achieving the purpose of reasonably using resources and enhancing the transformation efficiency of the fresh water.